Labor migration and remittances in the middle east

Labor migration and remittances in the middle east Introduction International migration is the movement of people across the global boundaries in pursuit of stability, establishment and personal growth. A research carried out by Alan and Philip indicated that this kind of movement has colossal implications in bolstering growth for both the origin and destination countries (2004.p.56). Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Labor migration and remittances in the middle east specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Migration and Remittances Factbook almost two hundred million people live permanently outside their country of birth. The two key factors which have a massive implication on the migration partners are demographic factors and income differences. The issue of international migration garners massive advantages to all the parties involved in it however it has got its bottlenecks which must be tackled in order to minimize loss and abuse. In order for cou ntries to reap maximum benefits from intercontinental immigration, disruptive effects should be minimized so as to enhance the developmental impacts. Countries in the Middle East have for the past decade provided cheap labor for the developed countries through immigrants. In return they gain remittances earned by the immigrants based in the developed countries. Opponents of this trend have severely criticized it deeming it as oppressive abusing morality. These sentiments were particularly voiced because most of the learned expatriates were offered degrading menial jobs irrespective of their academic competence. The critics however fail to acknowledge the reality that immigrant literary jump at the opportunity of working in developed countries rather than waste their skills in their mother land where there are no jobs to come by. The past global financial hiccup gradually reduced the rates of immigrations at the same time stalling world economy growth. The big question that begs an answer is that, does immigration garner more benefits to the sending or the receiving country, and therefore should the trend be encouraged or disbanded? Effects On The Receiving Countries Increased economic growth: When the immigrants from developing countries flow into the developed countries such as US, Japan and Australia, they offer labor in the areas where it has been missing or deficient. When they are fully assimilated in the production or manufacturing system they contribute positively through increased labor thus causing the economy to grow.Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Increased labor and labor force: Most developed countries are running short of the labor force especially in the technical and computer based jobs. This trend is very prevalent owing to the increased availability of new and modern companies in the event when immigrants come in, they help to fill in the place of missing labor and labor force in the industrial sector. Developed countries have surplus jobs, ranging from menial jobs to professional jobs which need laborers; by attaining easy and available labor from the developing countries, they are able to maximize on their production hence growth and advancement (Angrist Andrian, 2002.p.49). There are shared benefits accrued to movement of labor force through immigrants from the developing countries to the recipient developed countries. The developed countries cheaply obtain skilled labor force and utilize them in the production and the technical based jobs. As Moses (2001) notes, the trend of obtaining labor force from the developing countries is likely to increase due to the increased use of computer technology and the minimal availability of jobs in the developing countries (p.52). Increased technical skills: In essence developing countries import capital from other countries and this expands their production capacities helping them to have bounty in economic growth. There is a notable technological growth in the host countries owing to the influx of technical expatriates from the developing countries. The immigrants bring in the needed technical skills and help in broadening the spread of technical skills in the recipient countries. Reduced cost of production: increased work force afforded by the immigrants help the developed countries in provision of cheap labor in manufacturing and production companies so that their companies have a chance to grow as they can afford to easily expand as they cut down on the production cost. The developed countries have been working in consensus with the developing countries to erase the trade of labor exploitation so that the immigrants cross borders under secure conditions, they are offered good enumerations and that their working conditions are made cheap. This enhances benefit for both the developed and developing countries. In comparis on to other income flows to the developing countries remittance, inflows surpass private capital flows and authorized development aid (Smith Barry, 1997.p.32). When developed countries offer immigrants jobs they help in reducing the borrowing trend associated with the developing countries. Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Labor migration and remittances in the middle east specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In many cases when people migrate and are adopted in other countries they tend to stay and send money back home. Mora and Taylor (2005) suggest that economic gains accrued to migration and remittances to Middle east countries garner more advantages for both the sending and the receiving countries and should thus be encouraged (p.70) Whilst the developing countries might have surplus labor force owing deficiency in industrial growth, the developed countries offer a solution to this deficiency by availing job opportunities to the immigrants from the developing countries affording them a chance to grow and enhance growth in their mother land. Receiving countries who import labor from the developing countries in the Middle East such as US, Canada and Australia garner myriad benefits since they are able to get the missing labor force from the high skilled immigrants from the developing countries. The immigrants offer a pool of diversified labor force which is normally affordable. The receiving countries afford job opportunities to the in flowing immigrants and this increases their productivity at the same time cutting down on cost of production, two factors which aid to bolster economic growth in the developed countries. Moreover, the presence of immigrants has a trickle effect on the general global economy. Effects On The Sending Countries. When people migrate and take their labor force to another country the trend is termed as brain drain this trend is also termed as human capital flight (Schiff,2002.p.64) There are innumerable reasons why people opt to leave their country of origin to pursue establishment and financial stability in other countries. Some reasons include internal conflicts, lack of job opportunities, presence of health hazards and general economic instability. In Middle East brain drain occurs because people are pursuing better working conditions, and good salary wages in the developing countries. For the past thirty years according to†¦many bright and prospective talented people have moved to developing countries in order to attain stability, security and financial break through. The flow in remittances garners a lot of foreign income for both the sending and the receiving countries. The receiving country obtains labor which translates to income and in return they pay their workers wages which are then siphoned to their country of origin translating to foreign income. Advertising Looking for research paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sending countries have remittances as a source of private income, because the people who migrate to other countries earn money and send it back to their mother countries. This way the sending countries get direct source of foreign income through the immigrants. Foreign income enables them to advance and embrace growth which would have been impossible without the remittances. Remittance flows cannot be compared to aid flows and neither can they be treated as debts they form a direct source of stability and income to the sending countries. This is because the money is not taxed and neither is it repaired with interest like in the case with debts. Owing to the reduced cost of remittance flows the migrants families reap maximum benefits. When there is foreign income flow into the sending countries the level of consumption increases and this bolsters a country’s credit worthiness. When a country becomes credit worthy it becomes empowered to have external borrowings which furt her aid in economic advancement and growth. Research carried out in Middle East established that immigration improved the level of education in that young people left their countries and went to developed countries where they harnessed advanced education which affords good quality professionals to their home countries (SingerTandon, 1998.p.13). Another key benefit associated with immigration is increased savings which come as a result remittance in flows by the people who migrate to work outside the developing countries. There is also a notable trend of heightened macro economic stability. Stability comes as a result of money flowing from the immigrants in the developed countries. When people in the home countries get the remittances they are empowered to build their lives, acquire good education and improve their way of living. As a result of remittance inflows, in the Middle East people get capital which helps them to start up their own business enterprises hence there is increas ed entrepreneurship with trickle effect on the economic growth of the developing countries. In Middle East where the trend of poverty is highly prevalent, remittances help to assuage this trend since it affords people extra money which heightens their chances to acquire businesses or educational stability evading the pang of poverty. There is notable social inequality in the Middle East owing to diversity in culture and the myriad cultural factors miring the countries. When people are empowered financially they bridge the rift which creates social inequality creating a stable society Research has projected a perturbing trend that is arising due to the movement of people across the globe in pursuit of stability (Alan Philip, 2004). There is a looming prospect of demographic imbalances for instance the number of men going to the developed countries is increasingly high and this brings gender imbalance which may affects population growth and development. On the other hand there could be labor imbalance when all the young, educated and energetic young move to the developing countries laving the elderly who are unable to produce labor force in high magnitude A huge mass of the immigrants from the Middle East is siphoned to developing countries like The US, Europe, Japan, UAE and Canada. Most of the people hired from Middle East find place in the receiving countries in the production and transport sector a small percentage is normally absorbed in the technical and the professional field. The major challenge broaching the Middle East countries as far as migration and remittance are concerned is brain drain. A lot of the young people have been compelled to think that the only way they can make it in life is by moving to the developed countries, this they do at the peril o their developing countries. It’s unfortunate that the people who move out to the developed countries form the top cream of the developing countries and this deprives them of the profession al human resource. This challenge poses a perturbing dilemma to the developing countries because the graduates are siphoned out a lot of resource is wasted to bring up such individuals yet the countries don’t reap the anticipated benefits. When young people are brain drained the resources invested in them in order to attain education are wasted since they are never ploughed back into the economy. It must however be noted that the immigrants who leave their countries to pursue better opportunities in the developed countries also remit funds to their mother countries hence the loss is minimal. There is great fear that once young people get to put their attained skills into better use in destination countries. The developing countries cannot however blame young people for pursuing their professional careers in other countries because they have failed to offer the much needed job opportunities to the young vibrant generation. Conclusion There have been many arguments extended to gainsay the very trendy immigration drift which has been increasing at a spiraling spate. Critics have it that the trend causes brain drain and deprives the developing countries in Middle East of their best available human resources. Obviously, there are myriad issued accrued to this trend which raise a lot of concern; it must however, be noted that immigration and remittance play a massive role in filling in the gap where the developed countries have failed. Whilst, the developing countries have labor force they lack the mechanism and the market to assimilate them hence immigrations comes in hardy to solve the crisis offering jobs and foreign remittances. It can therefore be stated that both the receiving and the sending countries mutually benefit from this symbiotic kind of relation the only measure necessary is for the both groups to agree and set up a platform on which to operate so that non of the parties is exploited or misused in the trade. Ultimately the whole globe stands to befit from the advantages accrued to immigration and remittances in the international trade. References Angrist, J Adriana K. (2002). Is the European Labour Market Protective or Counter-Productive? Centre for Economic Policy Research: London. Alan J. and Philip O. (2004). Understanding the monetary Impact of U.S. Immigration. Journal On American Economic Review Vol 23 p 123-125 Mora, G, and Taylor J. (2005). How to Determine Migration, objective and Sector Choice. DC: World Bank. Moses, J. (2001). The Economic of the Labor pool In the International Market. The Institute for the Study of Civil Society: London. Schiff, M (2002). Trade, Migration and Welfare. The Impact of Social Capital.Vol 36, 13-52 Singer, N. and Tandon R. (1998). (eds.) Globalization and the International Labor Trend. Journal of Technology, and Trade in the 21st Century. New Delhi: B. R. Publishers. Smith, P., and Barry E. (1997). Americans new economic perspective: Economic, Demographic and financial Effects of Immigration. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Occupy Norfolk. Poorly Conception and Implementation Limits the Research Paper

Occupy Norfolk. Poorly Conception and Implementation Limits the Success of the Movement - Research Paper Example The aims of the group can be difficult to ascertain, but include raising awareness of the problems of society, a system for more equal distribution of finances, the creation of better jobs and a reform in the way that banks and the government interact . Discussion is ever present as to how realistic these goals are. How much can the current situation be changed before the poor are actually hurt in the process. Certainly, not all big business works against consumers and those that need help. Many actively support people on low incomes, either through the creation of jobs, donating to charities or other factors. It cannot be denied that corporations are still taxed. The question remains though, is the taxation of businesses, especially large ones, high enough when their earnings are considered. Many Wall Street protesters argue that they are not . Protests have spread across the nation as well as worldwide from this initial seed. Places that have seen occupation by protestors include: the United States, Europe, Germany, Malaysia, South Korea and New Zealand . While these sister movements are widespread and strong in numbers, the question remains, how well do they understand the original movement, and how effective are they? Occupy Norfolk is one such sister movement. It is based in Harbor Park, which is owned by the city. The movement has been active for more than a month, and around 30 protesters occupy the site 24/7. Support for the movement is not limited to the physical presence, with more than 4,000 supporter on Facebook and many detailed online discussions . For the Occupy Norfolk protestors, many questions remain. What to the protestors hope to accomplish and how do they plan on doing this? The answer simply appears to be, they don’t know. The basic aim of the movement in Norfolk appears to be to support, in a non-confrontational manner, the Occupy Wall Street protest in New York. While the group participated in ideas and discussion, they made it cl ear that their opinions did not necessarily represent that of the wider group. What then was the point? Protestors agreed that their presence should facilitate discussion, yet they appear ill-informed of the opinions and facts that initially sparked the Wall Street Protests. In terms of solutions, many protestors believed that they should neither offer nor create any solutions, their role was simply to spark discussion . By this paradoxical logic, the protestors hope to facilitate discussion, although they are not clear on many points of this, but consider that it should not lead to any resolutions or changes. Rather, it is the process of discussion itself that the Norfolk group appears to be interested in. Indeed, many of the protestors criticize movements such as Tea Parties, for providing solutions. For the protestors at Norfolk, one of the overriding opinions is that corporations are corrupt non-human entities that promote greed and wealth to only a small sector, representing th e 1% in many slogans. The ironies are clear when watching the protestors. Although they are angry at the current system, they have thought little about what benefits it offers to the 99%, how it has helped society and helped to reduce human need. Anger against corporations was also ill represented by the behavior of the protesters themselves. Many wore branded clothing, drove expensive

Executive Summary for the Automated Banking System Essay

Executive Summary for the Automated Banking System - Essay Example This would result to increased transactions at a less time and avoidance of customers overcrowding in the banking hall. The management information system (MIS) of PNC if implemented according to the given attributes would solve their problem by increasing revenues, providing a reliable banking system and reducing operating expenses. It would solve real world problems because it would create convenience for their customers to transact without the need of visiting the bank. Furthermore, though all banks possess ATM services, theirs if implemented, could mean a total revolution of e-banking services. Their MIS does not exist but can be invented as they have stipulated that it is their future plans. The conclusion based on their future plans is concise and engaging. However, I think their plan is ambitious and requires mega investment. If I were an executive, I would read into their business plan because it is unique and for prosperity in business, one has to take risks. In conclusion, their executive summary is well stated and it has a new sense of adding what does not exist in the banking sector. If their MIS is well implemented, it would offer competitiveness to other banks at the same time satisfying their clients. Finally, it would give a new approach to how banking is carried

Importance of English Essay Example for Free

Importance of English Essay Learning one of the most used language ‘’English†, is very important. There are alot of advantages of English as it helps to find a good job, we can communicate with foreigners on holidays and it makes possible to read original books which is better then translated ones. First of all, English is very important to find a good job. Sometimes the university which you graduate or the jobs you have been can not be enough to find a good job. Almost in every country, all companies’ first rule is to know English. It is a great advantage against other rivals. English is one of the most common languages in the world thats why global companies such as Coca-cola and Milka or other companies that are on other business sectors want their employees to know perfect English. Even some companies make the job interviews in English. That is why if someone wants a good job, the person should learn English. Read more: Importance of English essay Another point is that communicating on holidays or even with tourists is almost impossible with body language however English makes it possible. Imagine that you are on holiday in another country and you do not know any other languages than your mother language. It would be very hard to communicate with local people or to learn the historical places and traditions of the region. English not only helps people to have a good trip but also helps people to make new foreign friends and let them keep in touch. Thirdly, reading original books is more effective then translated ones. Even on scientific researchs or even reading novels, original ones are better to use and to understand. Sometimes it is possible that the translater of the book can use his personal ideas or to change some pages and this might cause some problems. However, on the original books there is no such a chance and it is more effective then the translated ones. Finally, on finding a good job or even reading a book or on trips, English has a high importance in all stages of life especially on social life.

A Step Into The Unknown :: Literary Analysis, Dark Star

In his novel, Dark Star, Alan Furst creates an atmosphere that supports the depressed and beat down setting surrounding Europe before the onset of World War II. He is able to capture our attention by immediately creating anxiety in the depressed and broken down country of Belgium. Furst is able to draw us into the mind of Andre Szara as he enters Ostend, Belgium, describing the atmosphere as unpleasant and anxiety-driven. He presents this atmosphere through the old and rusted freighter, Nicaea, the setting in Ostend, and the assignments that Szara must complete while staying in Ostend. The thirty year old tugboat, Nicaea, represents an unforeseen road and ultimately places uncertainty in the eyes of Andre Szara. In the beginning, the atmosphere is immediately set with a dark and fearful outlook because of the depiction of the â€Å"tramp freighter† (Furst 3) that moves through the water with a distinctive roar of the engine, over powering the sound of clashing waves. The history of the Nicaea identifies the elements used by Furst to display atmosphere. It’s deep description indicates it has spent â€Å"blistering summers and drizzling winters† (3) over the years to be ruined by salt and rust. Old age has the ship â€Å"[creaking] and [groaning] sorrowfully† (4). The unhealthy environment creates an undesirable atmosphere that makes use of uncertainty as to whether the ship can carry on. Salame 2 The weather plays a major role in shaping the atmosphere in Ostend. The weather can be used effectively when presenting a certain atmosphere because it can dictate the mood. While travelling on the North Sea, Szara and Khelidze were accompanied by â€Å"rain† (3) and â€Å"darkness† (3), unaware of what lies ahead. With darkness, comes the idea of fear because its leading to the unexpected. The Nicaea has also been at sea for nineteen days through an â€Å"eternity of icy, seawater showers† (5). The weather foreshadows a dark future and maintains the uncertainty of what lies ahead. Equally important, Andre Szara is given an assignment but does not know why, further adding to the suspense and obliviousness for any consequences. Szara’s assignment is to find out where his fellow passenger on the tugboat, Grigory Khelidze, is staying in Ostend. Szara has no idea why he must find out where this man is staying, thus creating a sense of bewilderment. It is as if Szara has been set out on to a winding and unforgiving path that leaves no indication or signs as to where it will lead him.

Journal on Chapter One of Al Gore’s “The Assault on Reason” Essay

In the first chapter titled Politics of Fear of Al Gore’s Book, â€Å"The Assault on Reason,† the author basically dealt with one of the most prominent human emotions— fear. According to Gore, fear is the prime enemy of reason. When a person experiences fear of something or someone, his or her reasoning ability is shut down. In addition, Gore claims that fear also clouds a person’s judgment as it drives him or her to act recklessly or irrationally without considering all options available. Furthermore, Gore also pointed out in his book that fear does not only affect a single individual, but an entire nation as well. According to him, a nation crippled by fear is unable to act towards development and progress because it does not do anything to overcome that fear. On the other hand, based on Gore’s book, when a person views fear as a form of motivation for him or her, he or she would eventually act to overcome that fear and accomplish his or her goal. Generally, I agree with most of the arguments that Gore pointed out in the first chapter of his book, particularly on the areas where he related fear to politics. I believe that Gore was right in saying that there are times when people fail to distinguish between the illusionary fears and the legitimate or real ones. When this happens, people may find it extremely difficult to think rationally and plan their next move because their judgment is clouded and they are unable to listen to reason.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, I also believe that Gore was correct when he claimed that the present administration in the United States as used the people’s fear, which spawned after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001, to manipulate various political processes and made people believe that   all Iraqi’s were the one’s responsible for the attacks. For me, I believe that it is wrong to think all Iraqis or Muslims are terrorists simply because their fellowmen may have committed heinous crimes. I believe this is the best example of the fear that has been plaguing US citizens since the 9/11 attacks. I also believe that the nation should first identify which fear is legitimate and which is not before exercising judgment.

Objectives Of A Sustainable Development Goals - 1002 Words

Seventeen Sustainable Development Goals, drafted by the United Nations, consider to improve global sustainability. Goal 7 includes five targets that ensure access to sustainable, and modern energy for all. However, one of the targets described is not truly measurable. For instance, target 7.1 does not specify the type of modern energy services. In fact, different countries, based on their geographic locations or status of development, will rely on different types of modern energy services. Furthermore, the notion of â€Å"access† is too vague and is redundant since the goal itself already stated it. Therefore, it is hard to specifically measure the progress. On the other hand, targets 7.2, 7.3, 7.a and 7.b are better described and are currently measured by different international organisations. 2) Are the targets currently measured? The implantation of renewable energy is currently being measured by the UNDP. In fact, in the article â€Å"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all†, according to United Nations Development Programme (n.d.), â€Å"in 2011 renewable energy accounted for more than 20 percent of global power generated† (para.2). Furthermore, clean energy researches have been conducted by many countries in order to improve energy efficiency on a global scale. In the article â€Å"Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all†, UNDP (n.d.) explained that â€Å"adopting cost-effective standards for a wider range ofShow MoreRelatedObjectives Of The Sustainable Development Goals1494 Words   |  6 Pages The Sustainable Development Goals are a set of global agendas set by the United Nations to be achieved by the year 2030. They are a continuation of the Millennium Development Goals, which were framed through the Millennium Deceleration in 2000 to address the needs of the world poor (1). 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