Blue Jeans Essays - Marketing, Management, Strategic Management

Blue Jeans Marketing Plan for the introduction of Wide-bottom jeans Business Mission Purpose In order to understand why the Wide-bottom Jeans Group exists, it is inalienable to especially focus on one person, the founder and the core of the company Christie Clark. Her personality alone already legitimates the purpose of the company, playing the role of the every positive thinking entrepreneur, that is strongly drawing together stakeholders and employees by showing them that they can commit themselves to the business not only because of financial benefits. Clark`s and therefore Wide-bottom's higher ideal just simply seems to be to have fun and find new challenges while doing business. Strategy Wide-bottoms core strategy seems to be to go into those markets were complacent industries have held high prices for years because of their monopolistic size. And they try to take an advantage of that complacentness. The markets itself can not be defined exactly as the Wide-bottom Group never had a ?core business thing. Thus the business where Wide-bottom wants to be in is also hard to define, but there is an opportunity for Wide-bottom wherever the monopolistic position of a competitor can be beaten. Another basic strategy of the Wide-bottom group is always to use its undoubtedly strong brand name which is one of the view that is elastic enough to bind together a ?clutch of diverse products without snapping. It is part of Clarks strategy that the Brand name is not so much a product that it stands for, rather it stands for values: youth, ?iconoclasm, cheeky and perky informality. This provides the Wide-bottom Group with a flexibility that is almost unbeatable in terms of bra nd name. The key is to make sure that the Wide-bottom name stays fresh and not to overuse it, and certainly the product has to have a certain quality. The third part of any Wide-bottom strategy that has to be emphasized, is the strategy of ?public figure marketing. Like no other entrepreneur in Longview, Texas, Christie Clark has the talent to market her products by going into the media with extraordinary actions that get her into the front-pages of the newspapers without paying any money for this advertisement. Company Values The values seems to be having fun in the business and to do things differently. The goal of the Wide-bottom Group is to be the ultimate outlet and to provide the best value for money to customers. They believe that there should be some kind of fun to go into the big monopolistic businesses and then shake them up by offering good value quality based products, and a better service and people care to the customers and last but not least to make a profit at the end of the day. Overall the mission statement has clearly been defined by Christie Clark over the last 5 years. She has the Vision, the strategic intent, and she is the motivator for any person who is part of the company. Strengths The Wide-bottom group has the advantage that they are experienced in two different kinds of distribution. Firstly in stationary trade and secondly in mail ordering. The group is far less integrated than other big groups like Daimler or Smiths Industries. This gives Wide-bottom the advantage of higher flexibility. This effect is even more extreme since Wide-bottom has very small Strategic Business Units. The Wide-bottom Group has a strong brand name incorporated by Christie Clark and is experienced in introducing new products in an competitive marketing environment. Weaknesses The strength of being not too integrated into the concern can also be a weakness, when errors are discovered too late because of a too loose supervision or when the support of the mother company becomes insufficient or because of sluggish communication. Christie Clark's chaos approach is therefore less efficient. Opportunities The jeans market is an old and established market. The leading companies - being in the market for a century or more - have established themselves in a monopolistic situation with the help of huge advertising budgets. The magic concept of Christie Clark in the past was to exploit the inefficiency of these kinds of markets normally protected with high barriers of entry. Threats The jeans venture is only one of the many in the big group and could

Free Essays on Shinto

What is the meaning of Shinto? Shinto is a nature- focused religion in Japan and deals with a number of Japanese mythological rites and has gone through many changes or the years. Today Shinto emphasizes the harmony of natural beauty and a clear perspective of reality. Shinto celebrities’ clarity and the contact with the diverse forces of nature. The word kami is described as something that possessing power that no individual believer does. Kami is used to identify something that is physical, animate, spiritual, or inanimate objects. In American culture though we have no set religion, which means people are allowed to believe and pray to whom ever they choose to pray to. Therefore, most religions that is in the American come from the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Africa. This lets Americans be able to believe in whom every they want to and they will not be prosecuted for these actions. Yet when a person dies in the United States may people put something by their tombstone or where they died, so that the person who dies knows that people did care for this person. Shinto has shrines to embrace much more then just religious practice. Shinto shrines are made up of wood and are generally situated near sacred trees and flowing water. When a person passes through one of these shrines, tori, he or she is regarded as having left the world of finite things and entered the realm of infinite power where the kami may be invoked for the purpose of the ceremony at hand. In American culture we do not have things like this we have either a church, or another place of worshiping. Where we go to confess our sins or ask the spirits for guidance through our days on earth. Yet when a person dies in America people go through a whole grieving process either set flowers, photos, or stuffed animals down by a person’s grave. This helps people deal with the lose of a loved one and makes them feel a little bit better about this person d... Free Essays on Shinto Free Essays on Shinto What is the meaning of Shinto? Shinto is a nature- focused religion in Japan and deals with a number of Japanese mythological rites and has gone through many changes or the years. Today Shinto emphasizes the harmony of natural beauty and a clear perspective of reality. Shinto celebrities’ clarity and the contact with the diverse forces of nature. The word kami is described as something that possessing power that no individual believer does. Kami is used to identify something that is physical, animate, spiritual, or inanimate objects. In American culture though we have no set religion, which means people are allowed to believe and pray to whom ever they choose to pray to. Therefore, most religions that is in the American come from the Middle East, Europe, Asia, and Africa. This lets Americans be able to believe in whom every they want to and they will not be prosecuted for these actions. Yet when a person dies in the United States may people put something by their tombstone or where they died, so that the person who dies knows that people did care for this person. Shinto has shrines to embrace much more then just religious practice. Shinto shrines are made up of wood and are generally situated near sacred trees and flowing water. When a person passes through one of these shrines, tori, he or she is regarded as having left the world of finite things and entered the realm of infinite power where the kami may be invoked for the purpose of the ceremony at hand. In American culture we do not have things like this we have either a church, or another place of worshiping. Where we go to confess our sins or ask the spirits for guidance through our days on earth. Yet when a person dies in America people go through a whole grieving process either set flowers, photos, or stuffed animals down by a person’s grave. This helps people deal with the lose of a loved one and makes them feel a little bit better about this person d...

Literacy and ESOL Theories and Frameworks Essay

Literacy and ESOL Theories and Frameworks - Essay Example The learning theories and frameworks can in another way be termed as the philosophical or conceptual orientations that seek to explain the ways of human learning. One of the popular and applicable theories of teaching English is known as the Behaviourist Theory, and was influenced European empiricism around 1914. In this theory, [English] writing, which includes both writing and speaking, occurs as a response to environmental stimuli (Harasim, 2012, p. 13). This means that it can be observed, described, and manipulated. As an English instructor, one can apply this theory in ensuring effective learning is achieved. In explanation, teaching can be perceived of as a process that involves practice, repetition, and rewards. In practice, the instructor should ensure that the teaching they give is put to use such as in writing compositions or oral reading. In repetition, learning can be effected by going over what is being taught over and over again. Finally, rewards should be applied by me thods such as testing what has already been taught. These tests determine the level of learning that has been influenced. The second effective learning/teaching framework in an ESOL language is defined by the Cognitive Theory. This theory has been applied in this context since the 1950s. In its application, the Cognitive Theory defines learning as complex and deep psychological phenomena such as schemas (organized patterns of thought or behaviour), processes for learning, and motivation. In short, English learning can be effectively taught through phases occurring with gradual complexity. In a good way, linguistic learners learn English from playing an active role in the process as well as making their own mistakes. In applying such, memory and problem-solving skills are put into consideration. Instructors apply this theory by subdividing it into three variables, namely

Economic Development and Corruption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economic Development and Corruption - Essay Example In a developing economy there is improvement in the standard of living of people and focus on environmental stability also increases. Economic stability can sometime also give rise to materialism. People strive hard to make more money and they often use unethical means to achieve their materialistic targets. One such unethical method is corruption. Different people hold different views about the impact of corruption on the economic development. Many people view it as a barrier to economic development while others believe that it does not impact the society and economic development much (Easterly 2006). This paper is going to discuss various anecdotal evidence and view that people have about corruption in relation to economic development. Economies in the transition face often have large number of lobbying efforts going on. These economies are aiming for economic development and hence they do not care much about lobbying efforts and governments of these economies are more susceptible to lobbying pressures than a government of a more developed nation. The evidence and research shows that these lobbies often pay huge sum of money to the government pressures to accept their demand. The corrupt political system in these countries makes it possible for people to form lobbies and put pressure on political leaders. These leaders often get directions from these lobbies if they pay them well. Since many lobbying groups are fighting for what is good for their own business, they end up doing well for the society also. The theory of invisible hand comes into play here. The theory states that any action done for one’s own self motive or profit will eventually translate into good for the society. Hence, corruption in all cases is not bad and research on 4000 firms in developing countries shows that corruption has played a role in the economic development of a nation. (Campos & Giovannoni 2007) In another paper, it was argued that corruption is essentially bad for a gro wing economy. First of all, corruption reduces the value of shareholders. In growing economies where corruption is extremely high, the expected profit that the shareholders expect to make does not materialize. Much of the profit is lost in the corrupt red-lines of bureaucracy and hence shareholder value goes down in the corrupt economies. Many foreign companies therefore try not to invest in corrupt nations fearing that returns on investment in these economies would be far less than if the investment is made in the local setting. This reduces foreign direct investment flows into the corrupt economies and poses a big problem for the economic development. This argument shows us that corruption can be a big barrier in the economic development of a nation. (Weitzel & Berns 2006) In a recent paper written by a well known economist, it was argued that corruption is actually good for the economies. It increases the flow of wealth in the economy from one hand to another and promotes economi c activity which leads to economic development. It was argued that corruption becomes bad when the corruption money goes out from the system. Evidence shows that many political and rich figures in the developing economies put their money in bank accounts in the foreign countries. This is an example of money flowing out of the system and this money does not promote any

Cultual Awareness, Understanding, and Acceptance Essay

Cultual Awareness, Understanding, and Acceptance - Essay Example Holme and Gronlund define subcultures as groups of individuals that, through a value or belief system, make conscious decisions to further differentiate themselves from the other cultural groups to which they might otherwise traditionally belong (Holme and Gronlund, 2005). For example, a child may be born African American and immediately be identified with that culture, but decisions that are made after that, such as religious beliefs, sexual orientation, or other aspects of worldview, may place that child within more narrowly defined subcultures. It is important for educators to have a thorough understanding of both the evangelical Christian and Goth subcultures, albeit for differing reasons. The evangelical Christian subculture, which consists of several Protestant churches, is critical because it is a growing and influential group. According to the US Census Bureau, 43 percent of Georgians identify themselves as evangelical Christians, a figure that closely resembles the 47 percent nationally that identify as evangelicals (Spengler, 2004 and US Census Bureau, 2003). Evangelical Christians must be understood not only because of their power as a group, but also because of their traditionally negative view toward public education. Many evangelical Christians are openly opposed to the secular nature of public education, and many Georgia parents do, in fact, enroll their children in private religious schools. It is important for the public school educator to be conscious and respectful of the strong belief system that may be he ld by evangelical Christian students, while also remaining mindful that unwavering support of the public school system may not exist in the students' homes. The Goth subculture is important for educators to understand primarily because of the stereotypes that exist about it and because of the underlying factors that may drive students toward the lifestyle. The Goth subculture is defined by a macabre style of dress and makeup - typically black clothing and nail polish, perhaps with mascara and even a white foundation makeup on the face - and the use of Christian and sometimes pagan symbolism (Robinson, 2006). The Goth subculture is present in Georgia, with sizable populations in areas such as Atlanta and Athens (Ford, 2006). History demonstrates that other students may be fearful of students who adopt the Goth lifestyle and research has shown that the students who adopt the lifestyle are often troubled, frequently dealing with feelings of isolation, depression, and even the desire to self-harm (Vince, 2006). Naturally, it is pointless and even counterproductive to paint all evangelical Christian and Goth students with the same brush. Without doubt, there are evangelical Christian students whose parents believe strongly in public education, just as there are certainly Goth students who are well adjusted psychologically. However, there are certain beliefs, values and tendencies that run through these groups. Because it is the job of an educator to teach - and to also make a genuine effort to understand - his or her students, it is important to gain an understanding of these two critical subcultures. Research methodology The research methodology for this paper will focus on the analysis of both

Impact of Credit Risk Management on Profitability

Impact of Credit Risk Management on Profitability Credit Risk arises because there is a possibility of a risk that the counterparty defaults on the loans and bonds held by the institution (Cornett) The Ultimate advantages of Credit Risk Management are being accepted by Financial Institutions now and Risk Managers are focusing on different Risk Management Models in looking for different Business Opportunities (Heinemann). However in general Financial Institutions that make Loans or buy bonds with long maturities are more exposed than Financial Institutions that make loans or buy bonds with short maturities. This means for example that banks, thrifts and life insurance companies are more exposed to Credit Risk than are money market mutual funds, since Banks and life insurance companies tend to hold longer maturity assets in their Portfolios than mutual funds. (Cornett) Basel is an agreement that requires the imposition of risk-based capital ratios on banks in major industrialized countries. Considering the weaknesses of the simple capital-to-assets ratio, members of Bank for International Settlements (BIS) along with U.S decided to implement two new risk-based capital ratios for all commercial banks under their jurisdiction in 1988. The BIS phased in and fully implemented these risk based capital ratios on January 1, 1993, under what has been known as the Basel Accord (now called Basel I). Credit risks of assets are included into Capital adequacy ratio into Basel Agreement of 1993. This was followed with a revision in 1998 in which market risk was incorporated into risk-based capital in the form of an add-on to the 8 percent ratio for credit risk exposure. In 2001, the BIS issued a consultative document, It was proposed in the basel-II or the new basel system that the operational risk should be the part of Capital requirements with effect from 2007 and updated the credit risk assessments in 1993 agreement. This agreement was adopted in June, 2004. (Cornett) Basel-II or the new basel system consists of three pillars which are discussed below, these three pillars play a vital role in the safety and soundness of the entire financial system. PILLAR 1 CREDIT RISK: On Balance Sheet and Off Balance Sheet (Standardized vs. Internal Ratings Based approach) MARKET RISK: Standardized vs. Internal Ratings Based approach OPERATIONAL RISK: Basic Indicator vs. Standardized vs. Advance measurement approach) PILLAR II Regulatory supervisory review so as to complement and enforce minimum Capital Requirements calculated under Pillar 1 PILLAR III Requirements on rules for disclosure of Capital Structure, risk exposures, and Capital Adequacy so as to increase Financial Institutions transparency and Enhance Market/Investor Discipline. Like in every other Country in Pakistan also the State Bank of Pakistan issued a Road Map or Guidelines for Implementation of Basel-II in Pakistan and the deadline issued by State bank for the completion was December 2006. PROBLEM STATEMENT Capital Regulation, Supervision and Market Discipline are the foundation of Basel-II, and to improve the Risk Management Procedures for bringing stability in the financial System, the Banks and Financial Institutions were required to establish an adequate setup and report to SBP the name and other Particulars of the Person responsible for Implementation before 31st May 2005 We will study the impact of Basel II on the credit risk management by considering two parameters i.e. NPLR and CAR. By studying these ratios, we find out that how Basel II is useful in management and reduction of risk and finally determine the role of credit risk management in increasing the profits of banks. RESEARCH QUESTION As per the background discussed earlier, out task is to research: The impact of credit risk management on the profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan. PURPOSE Our research will find out the importance credit risk management in the profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan and how Basel II helps in reduction of credit risk and management by using some techniques and methods that will control the amount of non-performing loans. The purpose of the research is to explain the impact of credit risk management on profitability of commercial banks in Pakistan, that what is the role of BASEL-II in the management and reduction of credit risk by controlling the amount of non performing loans through methods, Processes and limits imposed in BASEL II. JUSTIFICATION Our research will explain the influence of credit risk management on the profitability of commercial banks. This research will be very helpful for the banking industry in Pakistan as it is directly related to the profitability of banks. It will provide them with the guidelines that how they could manage and minimize the credit as per the rules and regulations provided in Basel document. SCOPE Our research is significant and important in a way that it will determine the dependency of profitability on credit risk management and it will study Basel I and Basel II and determine their difference and whether the regulations in Basel II puts any betterment in managing the risk. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY We are conducting our research on the private commercial banks of Pakistan based on the conventional banking system. It will help us on concentrating and focusing only on one sector of banking industry and determine valid and authentic results. Public sector banks, Islamic banks, investment banks, micro-finance banks are included in the research. Basel II was put into account from December 2006 that is why we have included the data from financial statements of 2007 to 2009 as we have studying the relation between profitability and credit risk management after Basel II is implemented. The study is limited to two independent variables for measuring credit risk management that are NPLR and CAR, and one dependent variable for measuring profitability which is ROE, the reason for choosing the above mentioned variables will be discussed in the methodology. LITERATURE REVIEW ROE PROFITABILITY INDICATOR ROE (Return on Equity) refers to the ratio of Net Income to the Total equity capital. ROE indicates that how much the bank has earned with the investors capital. It measures that how well and efficiently a company uses its investors funds to generate profit. It is used as a comparative too between two companies or banks. Its the ratio of net income and share holders equity. But in the Case of Bank ROE can be increased if the Capital decreases, but as the Capital decreases, the bank is exposed to risk of insolvency, and thats the reason that regulators continuously monitor the minimum capital requirements for Banks. ROA(Return on Assets) indicates that how efficiently the management uses its assets to generate income. Its the ratio of net income and total assets. Both ROA and ROE are expressed in percentage. CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT INDICATORS According to a research of Risk management practices followed by commercial banks in Pakistan. It was identified that the major risk faced by banks in Pakistan as well as internationally is the Credit Risk. Because the core banking business is all about creation of Credit, through which commercial banks generate their Profits. When it comes to Credit Risk, the most important aspect are the financing decisions followed by the commercial banks, because ultimately it ends into Credit risk. The State bank has also introduced some tough regulations when financing individual as well as SMEs and Corporate Customers, such as obtaining the BBFS(Borrowers basic fact sheet) and other restrictions as mentioned in the Prudential Regulations. Now what indicates that Credit Risk is increasing for the Banks is the NPLR(Non Performing Loans Ratio) which indicates that the financing generated by the banks are not recovering and as such the Non performing Loans are increasing which ultimately leads to Credit Risk. (Nasr, 2009) CAPITAL TO ASSETS RATIO It measures the Ratio of a Banks Book value of core Capital to the Assets book value. The Lower this Ratio, the more highly leveraged the bank is. Primary or core Capital Banks common Equity (book value) and perpetual preferred stock plus minority interests in consolidated subsidiaries (Cornett). RISK IN BANKS As Banks perform different financial services to their Clients they face many types of risk. There are number of assets in a banks Portfolio which are subject to different types of risks, such as default or Credit Risk. As Banks expand their services, they are exposed to foreign exchange risk. When the Assets and Liabilities in the Balance Sheet of Banks mismatch, they are further exposed to a risk known as Interest Rate Risk. If financial institutions actively trade these assets they are further exposed to Market Risk or asset price risk. Increasingly FIs hold contingent assets and liabilities off the balance sheet which represents off balance sheet risk, Moreover some all Financial Institution and Banks are exposed to some degree of Liability or withdrawal which exposes them to Liquidity risk. Finally the Risk that the Bank may not have enough Capital reserves to offset a sudden loss incurred as a result of one or more of the risks they face creates insolvency risk for the Banks. ( HOUSTON, 2008) CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) is used by Regulators of Banking System to assess the Banks financial Position especially the Capital to Assets Ratio as it does not falls below the required level so the bank is stable enough against the losses. State Bank of Pakistan the Regulator of Commercial Banks in Pakistan Monitor the Capital Adequacy Ratio of Commercial Banks to Provide Protection to the Depositors. A minimum Capital Ratio affects the leverage of Commercial Bank since highly leverage commercial Banks are more towards the chance of Credit and Interest rate risk and ultimately falling into Bankruptcy There are major 2 types of Capital for Banks. Tier-I Capital is closely linked to banks book value of equity, reflecting the contribution of a banks owners. Tier two is a broad array of secondary capital resources, which includes the loan reserves upto 1.25 % of risk adjusted assets plus various debt instruments. BENEFITS OF CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO In the initial Phase capital adequacy ratio does not take into account different risk Profiles of different class of Money market instruments, since some assets are highly risky and some debt instruments are almost risk free, such as Government bonds, where as the some instruments such as loans granted to Individual by a commercial bank can result in a default which accounts for Risk. So the advantage of Capital adequacy is as it takes into account risk profiles of all investment. (Schweser, 2008) BANKING REGULATIONS IN PAKISTAN The banks in Pakistan works under the BANKING COMPANIES ORDINANCE, 1962 (L VII OF 1962) and THE BANKING COMPANIES RULES 1963 made under the ordinance. (As amended up to 30th June, 2007) (State Bank of Pakistan, 2007)) METHODOLOGY RESEARCH APPROACH While doing the research, we are focusing on our research task and not to go beyond our specified boundary. Thus, were using deductive approach. We are also referring previous researches and theories related to our field of interest because we are studying a general phenomena i.e. relationship between profitability and credit risk management in conventional banking system of Pakistan. We are using quantitative method of study. We analyze the data with the help of regression model and the annual reports of the selected banks. The regression output makes us answer our research question. RESEARCH RESIGN We are conducting the research based on two factors i.e. profitability of banks and credit risk management thats why the design of research is co-relational. Our research will explain the relationship between the two and how credit risk management affects the profitability of banks in Pakistan. RESEARCH STRATEGY We are identifying the impact of credit risk management on profitability and For it, we have adopted the strategy of taking help from the previous records, studies and researches in this field and the statistics and data required for performing the test is obtained from the annual reports of the respective banks available on their websites. SAMPLING The population for the research consists of 20 private commercial banks out of the 54 banks operating in Pakistan. All the 20 chosen banks are working under conventional banking system as we are only focusing on conventional banks and all other banks such as Islamic banks, investment banks, micro-finance banks and public sector banks are not included in our research. The reason for this is to appropriately focus on one sector. On the basis of random sampling, 15 commercial banks are selected: Habib bank Ltd, MCB Bank ltd, Allied Bank Ltd, United Bank Ltd, Standard Chartered, Bank Alfalah, Faysal Bank Ltd, Bank Al-Habib, NIB Bank ltd, My Bank, RBS, Atlas bank, Arif habib Bank, Habib Metropoliton bank, JS Bank and Askari Bank ltd. In this research we are establishing the relation between profitability and credit risk management after implementation of BASEL II in Dec2006, therefore data is obtained from annual reports of 2007 to 2009. There are total 30 observations for each of the var iable used in this research. DATA COLLECTION Data and statistics for the tests are obtained from annual reports of 2007 to 2009. Well consider credit risk management disclosure, financial statements and notes to financial statements within the annual reports of the sample banks. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS No research instrument is required in our research because the data used to conduct tests is secondary obtained from the annual reports of the banks from 2007 to 2009. DATA ANALYSIS Multiple regression analysis is used in our research i.e. the relationship of one dependent variable to multiple independent variables. The regression outputs are obtained by using SPSS APPLIED REGRESSION MODEL Dependent variable ROE and independent variables NPLR and CAR are considered in our study and all of them are numeric type. Therefore, multiple linear regression model is applied. DEPENDENT VARIABLE In many of the previous researches, ROE is used for the profitability of banks, Therefore, we have also used it as the indicator of profitability in the regression analysis.. According to Foong Kee K. (2008) indicated that the efficiency of banks can be measured by using the ROE which illustrates to what extent banks use reinvested income to generate future profits. INDEPENDENT VARIABLE NPLR and CAR are the indicators of credit risk management and they chosen as the independent variables because credit risk management affects the profitability of banks. NPLR, in particular, indicates how banks manage their credit risk because it defines the proportion of NPL amount in relation to TL amount. NPL amount is provided in the Notes to financial statements under Loans section. And the total loan amount is provided in the balance sheet of the banks in their annual reports. TL amount, the denominator of the ratio, has been gathered by adding two types of loans: loans to institutions and loans to the public. Thus, calculation of the NPLR has been accomplished in following way: NPLR = (NPL amount) Ã · (TL amount) CAR, CAR is regulatory capital requirement (Tier 1 + Tier 2) as the percentage of Risk weighted asset. The bank has to maintain a specific percentage of CAR to manage their Credit risk according to requirement of State bank of Pakistan. The minimum requirement for Banks on consolidated as well as standalone basis has been increased to 10%. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY While doing the research two concepts must be taken into account i.e. reliability and validity. Reliability refers that the data is consistent and whatever be the conditions, it would be remain same. But its not necessary that every reliable and consistent data is valid. If we have any systematic error in the instrument then every time it would be encountered in the measurement, thus the observations would be reliable but not valid. In our research, we have taken the data from the annual reports of banks available at their websites. These are the official reports made by the rigorous efforts by the management of banks and authenticated by the higher management; therefore the facts and figures in it would be valid as well as reliable and will help us in getting true results. CONCLUSION The aim of the study is to determine the impact of credit risk management on profitability. It is important to note that sample size represents 75% of the total population i.e. private commercial banks. That covers the major portion of the population, giving more accurate results. The results obtained from the regression model show that there is an affect of credit risk management on profitability on reasonable level with 41.8% possibility of NPLR and CAR in predicting the variance in ROE. So, the credit risk management strategy defines profitability level to an important extent. Especially, NPL amount appears to be adding the most weight to that than CAR. CAR is having negative impact on ROE, but on the other hand the significance value of CAR is 0.171which is greater than the p-value i.e. 0.05, which means that the value of coefficient for CAR is zero, making the affect of CAR on ROE nil. Only NPLR is significantly affecting the value of ROE. In the end it is to be recommended that bank should focus on maintaining and controlling amount of non performing loans to ultimately getting higher ROE, which ensures the better profitability.

Paragraph example Essay

Brainstorming -You get a limited response face a possible crash -There is a reduction in the ability to concentrate and remember. -Don ´t drink more than you should to maintain your physiological faculties’ alerts to drive. -The consumption of alcohol affects the driver behavior. -The driver ´s reaction also becomes slower -The law allows up to 50 milligrams of alcohol in your blood -Driving under the influence of alcohol you could hit a car or even a person. -Driving under the influence of alcohol is the 9th cause of car accidents. -When you are drunk your thought processes and reflexes are slowed down. -You should not drink more than two beers. Outline Topic Sentence: Driving under the influence of alcohol has serious consequences in your driving skills. Supporting sentence1: When you are drunk your thought processes and reflexes are slowed down. Supporting details: You are unable to make good decisions on the road Supporting sentence2: The driver ´s reaction also becomes slower Supporting details: You get a limited response face a possible crash. Driving under these circumstances you could hit a car or even a person. Supporting sentence3: Don ´t drink more than you should to maintain your physiological faculties’ alerts to drive. Supporting details: Because the law allows up to 50 milligrams of alcohol in your blood, you should not drink more than two beers Concluding Sentence: If you are considering drinking and driving therefore you must designate a driver or look for a cab. Drinking and driving, such as bad idea†¦ Drinking alcohol has some serious consequences in your driving skills. When you are drunk your thought processes and reflexes are slowed down. Therefore, you are unable to make good decisions on the road. The driver ´s reaction also becomes slower. You get a limited response face a possible crash. Since driving under these circumstances you could hit a car or even a person. Moreover don ´t drink more than you should to maintain your physiological faculties’ alerts to drive. Because the law allows up to 50 milligrams of alcohol in your blood, you should not drink more than two shoots. In conclusion if you are considering drinking and driving so you must designate a driver or look for a cab.

Usmle Step 2 Ck Review Notes

J 1 J Premenopausal Pelvic mass ?-hCG test + Sono: simple cyst + Sono: complex/solid + Acute severe pain  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH J J (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 2 CV disease & Hormone Therapy J Recommendations: HT (E+P) 2003 Critique of WHI study  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 3 Menopause WHI â€Å"WINDOW of OPPORTUNITY† Critical period for maximum response to HT 10 yrs too Late!! Start HT here  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Nonoral Options in Hormone Therapy, OBG Management supplement to November 2004 Not Here Natural HistoryTreatment Non-contraceptive Benefits Steroid Contraception Progestin Progestin Progestin Hysterectomy v Dysmenorrhea v DUB v PID v Ectopic preg suppress PG release stabilizes endometrium thickens cervical mucus thickens cervical mucus TAH, BSO  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 4 Metabolic Effects Steroid contraception He althy lipid profile (^ HDL, v LDL) Oral Contraceptives Risk of CANCER Estrogen mediated THROMBOSIS ^ venous & arterial v Endometrial ^ Cervical = ^ Breast Ovarian Unhealthy lipid profile (v HDL, ^ LDL)Progestin mediated  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Contraception Review Intrauterine Contraception Steroid Contraception  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (August, 2011)  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 5 Contraceptive Failure Rates Reversible Methods Basic Principles of Contraception Avoid contraindications  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Basic Principles of Contraception Avoid contraindications FEW Complic Completed childbearing Sterlization  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 6 FEMALE – Next step in management? -hCG ? -hCG ? -hCG ? -hCG PREGNANCY – Next step in management? OB sono OB Sono OB Sono OB SONO J J (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 7 Pathophysiology J F E T U S Vol of RBC need ed: varies from 0. 1mL to 450 mL M O M J Mechanism of FHR Decelerations HEAD Compression Compression CORD PLACENTAL Insufficiency  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 8 Fetal Fibronectin â€Å"Trophoblast Glue† Matrix that bonds Trophoblast to Decidua Predictor of Preterm Delivery  © Elmar P. Sakala, MD, MPH Cervical Length Vaginal Sonogram Saggital Image Normal: > 25 mm 1 3 4 (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 9 Described in notes p. 44 Agent TOCOLYTIC agents Side Effects Contraindications J MgSO4 ? -Adrenergic Agonists Ca++ channel blockers PG synthetase inhibitors Muscle weakness Renal insuffic Respiratory depression Myasthenia gravis Pulmonary edema v? BP, tachycardia, ^ glucose, v K+, Pulmonary edema Tachycardia, v BP Myocardial depression Cardiac disease Diabetes Uncontrolled ^T4 Cardiac disease Hypotension Oligohydram, Gestational age IU closure PDA, Necrotiz enterocolitis > 32 weeks J (c) Elmar P. Sakala, MD MPH (2011) 10

All Men are created Equal essays

All Men are created Equal essays Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is known to be one of the worlds greatest orators. His incredible speaking ability enabled him to effectively express the demands of African Americans for social justice. Inspired by the belief that love and peaceful protest could eliminate social injustice, Martin Luther King, Jr., became one of the outstanding black leaders in the United States. Many historic moments in the civil rights struggle have been used to identify him, for example he was the prime mover of the Montgomery bus boycott, keynote speaker at the March on Washington, youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate, etc. But in retrospect, single events are less important than the fact that King, and his policy of nonviolent protest, was the dominant force in the civil rights movement during its decade of greatest achievement, from 1957 to 1968. Dr. King fought passionately for what he believed in. He went through a struggle of racism and segregation all his life, up to the day he died in cold blood. Segregation started some time ago in 1896 with a court case called Plessy vs. Ferguson the quote separate but equal emerged at this time. Meaning when it was time for children to go to school there was two schools to choose from, if you were white you went to the one school and if you were black you went to the other. Although it was legal to segregate the schools by race you could not by law provide the white school with materials such as new textbooks, chalkboard, desks, supplies, etc. and not give the black school the same opportunity. This legal case drummed up equality in the schools. It was not until 1954 that the doctrine of "separate but equal" was challenged. In attempt to gain equal education opportunities for their children, African-American community leaders took action against the segregation in America's schools. A group of thirteen parents filed a class action suit against the Board...

Pericles essays

Pericles essays The historian, more often than not, will have direct or indirect personal input and remarks in the historical account he is relating; the historical facts and figures obtained would flow together with his objective tendency for that particular event. The historian, Thucydides, exemplifies such, as he narrates the account of the Peloponnesian War. Reading excerpts from the mentioned historical account containing occurrences of the first years of the war, speeches from the general Pericles, as well as the historians judgment on him reveals certain illustrations of the values held by him as he infuses his text with personal opinions and evaluations, such as power, justice, virtue, equality, nobility, and rationality. Paying more attention to the speeches of Pericles the funeral oration and the last speech during the plague one sees a juxtaposition of opposites: rise and downfall, virtue and vice, democracy and mob rule. The reconstruction and inclusion of Pericles funeral oration emphasizes Pericles significance in the Peloponnesian War, being the general during the time who suggested war to his fellow Athenians. This inclusion is necessary in order to prove the greatness of Athens, which Thucydides found substantial enough for the citys description, having no need to expound on this exemplary fact anymore. In his speech, Pericles strengthens the wills and hearts of his fellow Athenians, especially relatives of those slain soldiers, speaking eloquently of life in their unyielding land, Ahtens its people, ancestors, customs, warfare, and government. This emphasis on the prominence of Athens justifies the demise of many of its patriotic citizens as they do not just become worthy of their country, but also immortal monuments...where their glory is laid up to be remembered forever...an unwritten record of the mind lives on for each of them, even in ...

Fight Club Novel essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fight Club Novel - Essay Example People are always asking, did I know about Tyler Duren† (Palahniuk 1). The post modern style of writing is a convergence of different forms of critical theory, deconstructionist approaches and particular reader-response strategies. The most important characteristic of post modern literature is the use of neatly tied-up ending. This characteristic is favored by post modern writers because it celebrates chance over craft, in addition to employing meta-fiction in order to undermine the authority of a writer. The novel is post modern because the writer creates an idea and clarifies it before fragmenting the story. The novel is about a character rather than a story. It is written in a manner that shows that it is a sketch about a certain character. In the first chapter, the narrator is counting down the clock and he discusses how to make a bomb with his friend. In the second chapter, the story is fragmented because the narrator appears to be in a group session. The narrator states, â€Å"Bob’s big arms were closed around to hold me inside and I was squeezed in the dark between Bob’s new sweating tits that hang enormous† (Palahniuk 4). The author of the novel succeeded in creating a character or idea about the character. He also clarified the character as a person who was experiencing a form of psychological problem. In one instance, the character is talking about his friend Tyler, and how Tyler helped him secure a job as a waiter. The next minute, he is talking about bombs with a gun in his mouth. The fact that he is embracing someone shows that he has started rehabilitation. Since the idea of the film is the character of the narrator, the author did not give the narrator a name. Readers are left with ambiguity particularly with regards to the narrator. Post modernism is also shown in the conditions of the characters and their self involvement. During one of the support groups, the narrator notes, â€Å"the only woman here at Remaining Men Together, the

The Influence of Materials Properties on Structural Form and Behaviour Essay

The Influence of Materials Properties on Structural Form and Behaviour - Essay Example As the discussion stresses  during the selection of materials to be used for engineering purposes, certain properties that include tensile strength, impact strength, as well as hardness is essential in indicating how suitable the selection for the material is, although the engineer has the obligation of ensuring that radiography together with other properties for the material are in line with required specifications.From this paper it is clear that  there has been an increase in popularity of plastics and polymeric materials in engineering. As much as these are inferior to majority of the metallic materials as far as temperature resistance and strengths are concerned, these have been used in corrosive environments as well as in other areas that require minimum wear, for example in small gear wheels that were initially manufactured from hardened steel, are currently produced from Teflon or nylon.  The performance of these materials is satisfactory; they are quiet and are in no n eed for lubrication. In this respect, therefore, prior to selection of material or even the designing of components, there is need for an individual to have sufficient knowledge of the process requirements, the limitations of operation like the non-hazardous and hazardous conditions, the continuous and the non-continuous operations, raw material availability together with the availability of spares and other alternate material.a